So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. 1. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Required fields are marked *. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. 4 0 obj Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. % We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. /Subtype /Image On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Each state has the same level of self-governance. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. /Length 3884 Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. >> The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. endobj >> There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Adobe d C To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . It also decided that the Public . s" The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. /BitsPerComponent 8 +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. 2. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Your email address will not be published. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Hon. >> He rejects the assertion that The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. Required fields are marked *. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism.
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