British army inner german border.jpg 1,941 1,368 . [85], During the first three weeks of April 1945, the Second Army advanced about 320 kilometres (200mi) across northern Germany to reach the Elbe on 19 April. Sixteen of the bombers were lost to anti-aircraft fire. Does the British Army of the Rhine still exist? SALUTE 50, ExCeL London - please pre-order now A German V-2 rocket scored a direct hit on the British POL installation at Antwerp on 19 January. B.A.R. No 13 Army Roadhead was opened at Nijmegen on 2 March, and was stocked by rail. Menu Search. XXX Corps opened a new No. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Foster. [8], Administrative support for British service personnel in Germany and across continental Europe was delegated to United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), (UKSC(G)). In February, a French fuel installation was opened at Douai, and this was used to supply the Royal Air Force (RAF) airfields in the vicinity. [80] Although working in the British Second Army area, they remained under the command of the US Ninth Army. [4] German resistance was stubborn, and the British and Canadian advance much slower than planned until July,[5] when the American Operation Cobra broke through the German defences. This reduced the pressure on the road network, and also permitted stone for road works to be supplied by rail. 1 Artillery Brigade Cold War.png 888 544; 45 KB. [85] A semi-permanent class 40 bridge and a semi-permanent class 70 bridge were also built over the Ijssel at Zutphen. Railway units were moved forward, and only one railway group headquarters and two railway operating companies were left in France, Belgium and the Netherlands south of the Waal. Divisions carried two days' compo rations in their first line (unit) transport and two days' in their second line (divisional) transport. The West German town of Bruggen, 55 miles (88 km) south of Dusseldorf, celebrated its 700th anniversary on Saturday (2 June) by granting the freedom of the city to a British Army unit which has been stationed in the town for 21 years. . By 9 February sections of the Nijmegen-Kranenburg road were under 46 centimetres (18in) of water. You can order records in advance to be ready for. As a result of this fire it was decided to remove camouflage from the oil storage tanks, because it was not effective against the V-2, and hampered fire fighting efforts. [6] In 1967, the force was reduced in strength to 53,000 soldiers. The British presence was estimated to have been contributing 1.5 billion euros annually to the German economy in 2004. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. British Army units from 1945 on - Royal Artillery 168 FMC area at Goch. [44] Road maintenance was made especially difficult by the winter weather. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. [75][66] The road network was also developed, and by 23 March eleven routes were open across the Maas, of which six were in the First Canadian Army area, including the sole class 70 route (ie one capable of carrying loads of up to 70 tonnes (69 long tons)) and five in the British Second Army area. [73] XII and XXX Corps each formed a bank control group along the lines of the beach groups that had supported the Normandy landings in 1944, but with the logistical elements restricted to the medical, provost and REME components. Printer friendly. Pipelines were now constructed from Calais to Ghent, and thence to the storage facilities around Antwerp. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. It was decanted at Bocholt and transported by rail to No. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. [66][76], At Gennep, the 6th Army Troops Engineers built a 312-metre (1,023ft) class 30 Bailey bridge using the piers and abutments of a demolished railway bridge. Corps Water Polo Championships, BAOR (British Army of the Rhine)Team Winners, Aldershot. No. While it was under construction, the engineers came under attack by the Luftwaffe, and 8 men were killed and 22 wounded. [81] The XXX Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 FBE bridge, a class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia 166 FMC was developed from one formerly established there by the VIII Corps, although it had to be expanded as XXX Corps had over 200,000 troops under its command for Operation Veritable. WWII WW2 Original Map North West Germany British Army of the Rhine british army of the rhine bases . To compensate for this, to minimise casualties, and to maximise the combat effectiveness of what manpower they had, the British forces relied on machines, materiel and firepower. Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom enable the British Armed Forces to conduct expeditionary warfare and maintain a forward presence.Bases tend to be located in or near areas of strategic or diplomatic importance, often used for the build-up or resupply of military forces, as was seen during the 1982 Falklands War and the use of RAF Ascension Island as a staging post. It was also anticipated that as the Allied advance proceeded into Germany, there would be increased demand to feed and accommodate prisoners of war, liberated Allied prisoners and displaced persons. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. IF YOU WOULD PREFER TO STAY ANONYMOUS OR KEEP ALL CONTENTS PRIVATE PLEASE STATE THIS CLEARLY ON SUBMISSION: All rights reserved. London: Penguin, 1970. With some assistance from pioneers or civilians, each section could operate a petrol station issuing up to 45,000 litres (10,000impgal) per day. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. Part of Ministry of Defence. In a broader context, Barnett 1970 and Chandler and Beckett 2003 provide an essential overview of the experiences that have shaped the British Army over its long history. If you can't find it - tell us, if you know something - tell us. Since the end of the Second World War, major reorganisation has resulted in the Coast Artillery being disbanded, the Anti Tank role being discontinued and the Anti . REME Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers The "Waterloo" class 9 FBE could not be built at the intended site at Rees on 24 March because the town had not been captured. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. In addition to the storm boats, DUKWs, Buffaloes and Weasels,[62] there were also amphibious DD tanks. For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army had 624 field and medium guns. Most of these units were progressively dissolved, so that by February 1920 there were only regular battalions: In August 1920 Winston Churchill told the British Parliament that the BAOR comprised approximately 13,360 troops, consisting of staff, cavalry, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, infantry, machine gun corps, tanks, and the usual ancillary services. By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. CONTENTS OF EMAILS MAY BE DISPLAYED ON THIS SITE (BUT IN AN ENCRYPTED FORMAT TO DETER SPAMMERS) TO BENEFIT HISTORY. To secure the required transportation resources, eleven general transport companies, seven artillery transport platoons, a tank transporter company, a bulk petrol transport company, a petrol depot, a bridge company and an ambulance car company were transferred from Italy. This airborne operation was the largest of its kind during the entire war, utilizing 1,625 transports, 1,348 gliders, and 889 escort fighters to deliver over 22,000 airborne infantry into the contested territory. At the rail stop there were messes and a kitchen that ran 24 hours a day. A special effort was made to ensure that all units had their full allowance of winter and protective clothing. 2019 Ted Fund Donors [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). This annotated bibliography presents the best quality scholarship relating to BAOR, from its inception until its replacement under the conditions of the 1994 Options for Change defense review with the twenty-five-thousand strong British Forces Germany. XXX Corps reverted to the control of the British Second Army on 8 March, and by 10 March the last German units had retreated across the Rhine. List of units and formations of the British Army, "Neuer britischer Kommandeur in Paderborn", "Adventurous Training Foundation Delivery (AFTD)", Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom, British Forces British Indian Ocean Territories, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Army_Germany&oldid=1141875126, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Military command, support, and administration, Land Training Fleet (Sennelager) which provides and maintains a pool of. The pipeline running from Cherbourg to Rouen was shut down on 9 January, which freed personnel to work on extending other pipelines. British Army of the Rhine - Wikipedia [30], A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. The 21st Army Group allocated additional road transport capacity to the armies by shifting vehicles from the rear areas and immobilising units that were not immediately needed. Positioned on the North German Plain, it is the command element of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). Army Group Royal Artillery . Photo courtesy of RAMC Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar 1958. [44] For security reasons, troop movements had to be conducted at night. [52], Special tracks were provided for the Bren gun carriers to prevent skidding on icy roads, but these had to be withdrawn when it was discovered that they caused excessive wear and tear on their suspensions. This brought the amount of road transport capacity under Second Army's control to 31,580 tonnes (31,080 long tons), which was reckoned to be the equivalent of 76 general transport companies. The British Army of the Rhine - DocuWiki The British Liberation Army (BLA) was the official name given to the British Army forces which fought on the Western Front of World War II between the Invasion of Normandy and the end of the war. The British Second Army also had access to the American class 70 timber pile bridge at Venlo and the Canadian First Army class 70 bridge at Grave. By mid-May the 21st Army Group's reserves had been reduced by a quarter. [47], The opening of a railway bridge over the Maas at Ravenstein on 4 February enabled the FMCs to be served by rail. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}520734N 84059E / 52.12611N 8.68306E / 52.12611; 8.68306. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. [63] Units participating in Operation Plunder were re-equipped before the start of the operation. Over the next 24 hours, 7,415 vehicles crossed the bridge. Category : British Army of the Rhine - Wikimedia The following day a German swimmer was seen affixing a suspicious cylindrical object to the bridge. A train caught alight, and the fire spread to three nearby storage tanks. British Army of the Rhine - Alchetron [82][83], In the XXX Corps area, the engineer units were grouped under the 13th AGRE, under the command of Colonel F. C. [13], During the German Ardennes Offensive in December 1944, the Supreme Allied Commander, General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, transferred the US First and Ninth Armies to Montgomery's command. British Army of the Rhine | Twilight 2000 Wiki | Fandom Ron. A new ordnance field park was formed to hold the equipment, which was shipped from the UK. [88] Another 2,000 tonnes (2,000 long tons) was obtained from within the Second Army by grounding artillery and armoured units that were not immediately required for the advance. Tony Lord. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. The 3rd Canadian Division made use of Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles. The 17th and 19th Line of Communications Sub Area assumed responsibility for the region around Lille, allowing the 15th Line of Communications Sub Area to move to the area between the Maas and the Rhine. Moody 2020 provides the first comprehensive study of how the army intellectualized the arrival of nuclear weapons and how they might be employed in a future war. 1st/4th and 9th battalions of the Seaforths were with the Rhine Army in 1919. It was therefore agreed that from 1 March onwards, 81,000 tonnes (80,000 long tons) of fuel held in British storage would be transferred to the Americans so that both armies could have thirty days' reserves. The British Army of the Rhine After the First World War - Goodreads Supplies and POL were stocked at Eindhoven; POL at Schijndel; ammunition at Veghel, Uden, Oss and Wijchen; road material at Mill; coal at Best; and bridging at 's-Hertogenbosch. This freed the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area to participate in Operation Goldflake. Apart from the Alpine Training Centre Hubertus Haus in Oberstdorf, which is in Bavaria, British Army Germany is entirely based in North Rhine-Westphalia. The XXX Corps Troops Engineers commenced work on the "Lambeth" class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge at 15:00 on 24 March, but work was frequently interrupted by German fire, and the bridge was not opened until 08:30 on 26 March. It was originally composed of five corps, composed of two divisions each, plus a cavalry division:[1], IV Corps: Commanded by Sir Alexander Godley, VI Corps: Commanded by Sir Aylmer Haldane, IX Corps: Commanded by Sir Walter Braithwaite and later by Ivor Maxse, Cavalry Division (formed from 1st Cavalry Division). The War Office therefore created a new headquarters, called the 25th Garrison, to take over the RMA, and four new line of communications sub area headquarters, the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th. [2] The Cologne Post was a newspaper published for members of the BAOR during this period. The 21st Army Group instead became the British Army of the Rhine in August 1945. . Post war First Corps District administered Rhine Province and Westphalia. Free shipping for many products! The two corps stocked their FMCs by road, but the completion of repairs to the 1,222-metre (4,008ft) bridge over the Maas at Gennep by the 7th Army Troops Engineers on 20 March relieved the pressure on the one at Grave, and it became possible to move the railhead to within the No. Only the class 70 bridges would take a loaded tank transporter. 14 Army Roadhead. Useful Abbreviations - British Army Twenty-five special vehicles were built in Army workshops to carry them. It closed in March 1994. Since the First Canadian Army did not hold large stocks at No. [11] The first phase of this was the transfer of remaining stores to the advanced base. The War Office found that it could provide another two field bakeries from the United Kingdom, along with three field butcheries that were already scheduled to be sent. Mallinson, Allan. [28], On 15 February, the region south of the Seine under British administration by 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area were reduced to the ports of Caen and Ouistreham and the depots around them, while that administered by the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area was handed over to the US Communications Zone, as was the region between the Somme and the Seine administered by the 6th Line of Communications Sub Area, except for the city of Amiens. Montgomery's armies were reinforced by the redeployment of three divisions from Italy under Operation Goldflake. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. WO2 Served from 1974 - 1994 Served in British Army of the Rhine.
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